Wound Healing Properties
Chitosan assists in the wound healing process in every stage through various ways such as;
- Hemostasis
- Re-epithelization of skin
- Macrophage activation followed by anti-inflammatory
- Pain reduction
- Inhibition of metalloproteinase-2
![Characterization of MaxioCel](https://axiobio.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/picture-5.png)
Mechanism of Haemostatic Action
- Fluid absorption capacity: 30 times the weight of dressing
- Once absorbed the exudate is locked within the fibers of the dressing
- The gelling fibers prevent wicking of exudate into surrounding skin
![Characterization of MaxioCel](https://axiobio.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/diagram.jpg)
Dispersion Test & Wet Strength
Wet strength of Maxiocel is around 3 times greater than the traditional gelling fiber dressing. Its outstanding strength makes it
- Intact during dressing change for a longer time
- Painless easy removal from the wound surface
![Characterization of MaxioCel](https://axiobio.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/14.jpg)
SEM Images of chitosan and RBC interaction
![Characterization of MaxioCel](https://axiobio.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/15.jpg)
SEM Images of chitosan and platelet interaction
Re-Ephithilazation
Mechanism of Action:
- Chitosan stimulates the proliferation of dermal fibroblast and allows the fibrous tissue formation
- Chitosan interacts with growth factors of serum and metal ions such as calcium that induce rapid proliferation of fibroblast
- Chitosan inhibits the proliferation of keratinocytes
![Characterization of MaxioCel](https://axiobio.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/picture19.png)
Initial screening of chitin/chitosan samples for effect on “fibroblast proliferation in vitro. Human dermal “fibroblasts (C520) were treated with various chitosan samples for 3 days. The 3H thymidine cell proliferation assay was then performed. Data (n=3 ±SEM) are presented as percentage of the controls (no polymer present) (*P (0.05, **P (0.01, ANOVA).
Anti-Inflammatory Property
Mechanism of Anti-inflammatory Action:
- Chitosan produce significant inhibition effect against inflammation mediator such as Interleukin (IL)- 2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10
and IL-13. - Chitosan causes the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α
- Chitosan suppress the NF-kβ expression and AP-1 activation
![Characterization of MaxioCel](https://axiobio.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/picture12.png)
Inhibitory Effect Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2
Mechanism of Action for MMP-2 inhibition:
- MMP-2 cause digestion of extracellular matrix of skin that delayed the wound healing process. Chitosan strongly inhibit
the activation and expression of MMP-2 in human dermal fibroblast. - Chitosan inhibit the TNF-α factor that helps in the expression of MMP-2
- Chelating ability of chitosan with Zn+2 which is a vital factor for MMP-2 activation
![Characterization of MaxioCel](https://axiobio.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/picture13.png)
Western blot analysis of protein expression of proMMP-2 in HDFs after
treatment with different molecular weights of Chitosan molecule. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment significantly increased the expression level of MMP-2 protein compared to blank group. The expression level of MMP-2 significantly (P<0.01) decreased with the treatment of chitosan for all molecular weight.
Scar Prevention Activity
Mechanism of Scar Prevention:
- Chitosan gradually depolymerize into N-acetyl-b-D-glucosamine, which initiates hyaluronic acid synthesis at the wound site that helps in faster scar improvement.
- In the presence of chitosan, type IV collagen produced in the form of fine reticulin like fibrils rather than mature bands of dense collagen which leads to scarring
- Chitosan significantly decrease the expression of TGF-β1 factor by blocking the cyclooxygenase and arachidonic acid pathway that improve the scar part.
![Characterization of MaxioCel](https://axiobio.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/16.jpg)
After 21 days, wound surface with Control
(Cotton gauze)
![Characterization of MaxioCel](https://axiobio.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/17.jpg)
After 21 days, wound surface showed
scar improvement with Chitosan dressing